The Emergency contraceptive method is used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy. Its efficacy is sensitive to time: so, the earlier it is used, the more effective it is. Generally, using an emergency contraceptive after 5 days from day of sexual intercourse will not have the desired effect. They generally have a success rate of 95%. Emergency contraceptives do not abort or terminate established pregnancy or harm a developing embryo.
When to Use Emergency Contraceptives
Emergency Contraceptives can be used if:
- There’s possible contraception failure due to
- condom breakage or spillage
- having missed previous contraceptive doses like the oral contraceptive pills or injectables, failed withdrawal method, dislodgement of cervical cap or diaphragm, etc.
- after sexual assault where possible pregnancy may occur
- No contraceptive is being used or was used at the time.
Types of ECPs
Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP)
This is the most common form of emergency contraception in Ghana. They involve 1 or 2 mini pills typically containing levonorgestrel, intended to be taken within 3 days of sexual inter course. Popular brands include Postinor 2, Levon 2, Lydia Emergency Pill. Ulipristal acetate is also effective component of some ECPs.
They act by delaying or preventing ovulation. ECPs are not intended for regular, or routine use due to the possibility of disrupting the woman’s menstrual cycle. Generally speaking, you should not take them more than once a month. However, if the need arises, you may take ECPs more than once in a single menstrual cycle. But remember that they are meant as a backup. If you find you need to take ECPs multiple times, you should consider starting a routine contraceptive method immediately afterwards.
Copper intrauterine devices
The WHO recommendation is that to use copper-bearing IUD as emergency contraception, it should be inserted within 5 days of unprotected sexual intercourse. This is especially best for women who opt to use this method as their chosen birth control method.
The copper IUD acts by making chemical changes in sperm and eggs to prevent fertilization and subsequent conception. It is considered the most effective method of emergency contraception.